BigQuery's Pipe Syntax: Kupangitsa SQL Kukhala Yosavuta, Yachangu, Ndi Yosavuta Kuwerenga

William KarrNov 03, 2025

Mphindi 6 yawerengedwa

Momwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito BigQuery Pipe Syntax

Aliyense amene wagwira naye ntchito SQL amadziwa ubale wa chidani ndi chikondi womwe umabwera nawo. SQL ndi yamphamvu, yokhazikika, komanso yofotokozera-komanso ndi imodzi mwa zilankhulo zosamveka bwino zomwe mungawerenge ndikuzisunga pamlingo waukulu. Funso lanu likamazama, m'pamenenso kumakhala kovuta kuti mumvetsetse zomwe zikuchitika komanso mwatsatanetsatane.

Ndi chifukwa SQL sikuyenda momwe mukuganizira. Mumayamba ndi kulemba SELECT, koma nkhokwe simakonza zimenezo poyamba. Injini imayamba ndi FROM ndime, kenaka kulumikiza deta, kusefa, kusonkhanitsa, ndipo pambuyo pake imagwiritsa ntchito kusanja ndi kulingalira. Zotsatira zake ndi funso lomwe lalembedwa kumbuyo zokhudzana ndi momwe zimakhalira.

Kusagwirizana kumeneku pakati pa syntax ndi kuphedwa kumapangitsa SQL kukhala yolemetsa komanso yokwera mtengo kwambiri. Ofufuza nthawi zambiri amadalira subqueries kapena Common Table Expressions (Zithunzi za CTE) kuyerekezera kuyenda kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi, kuonjezera zovuta zosafunikira komanso kuchulukitsa. Ngakhale ogwiritsa ntchito odziwa zambiri amatha kusokoneza midadada yamalingaliro m'malo mongoyang'ana pavuto lomwe akuthetsa.

Kuti muchite izi, BigQuery supports1s azichita momwe amawerengera. M'malo molemba malingaliro mkati, mumalemba pang'onopang'ono, ngati payipi ya data-mzere uliwonse ukuyimira kusintha kosiyana. Zotsatira zake ndi SQL yomwe ndiyosavuta kumvetsetsa, yosavuta kuyisintha, komanso yodziwika bwino pakusanthula kwamakono kwa data.

Chithunzi chomwe chili pamwambachi chikuwonetsa zovuta zapaipi zomwe zimathetsa. Mu chikhalidwe SQL, ndi dongosolo la syntactic (momwe mumalembera funso) siligwirizana ndi dongosolo la semantic (momwe database imagwirira ntchito). Mwachitsanzo, SELECT imawonekera pamwamba, koma injini siyiyesa mpaka mutajowina, kusefa, kupanga magulu, ndi kusanja kwachitika.

Kutsatizana kumeneku kukuyimira mayendedwe omveka bwino a funso la chitoliro cha BigQuery - pamwamba mpaka pansi, kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja - kuwonetsa momwe nkhokwe imasankhira deta.

KUCHOKERA: Poyambira funso lililonse la chitoliro. Imatanthawuza tebulo loyambilira kapena gawo lomwe deta imachokera. Mu syntax ya pipeni, FROM ikhoza kuyima yokha ngati funso lovomerezeka ndipo imakhala ngati njira yolowera paipi yotsatizana.
LOWANI: Imakulitsa tebulo lapano ndi mizere ndi mizere yowonjezera kuchokera patebulo lina kapena gawo lina. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kangapo motsatizana (|> JOIN table USING (key)), kupanga mitengo yolumikizira yakumanzere kuti iwerengeke popanda mafunso okhala ndi zisa.
KHALANI: Imakonzanso makonda omwe alipo (|> SET column = expression). Ntchito ngati SELECT * REPLACE(...) mu SQL yokhazikika koma imakhala yowerengeka komanso yosinthika ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati payipi.
WULIKANI: Imawonjezera ma columns ku dataset yomwe ilipo (|> EXTEND expression AS new_column). Zofanana ndi SELECT *, new_column mu SQL yokhazikika koma imalola kupangika kwa magawo omwe atengedwa pakati pa machitidwe ena monga zojowina ndi zosefera.
DONSE: Imachotsa mizati imodzi kapena zingapo pamndandanda wapano (|> DROP column_name). Zofanana ndi SELECT * EXCEPT(column) mu SQL yokhazikika ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ikhale yosavuta kutulutsa kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwa data yapakatikati.
NDI: Zosefera mizere yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira (|> WHERE condition). Itha kuwoneka paliponse pamapaipi, isanayambe kapena itatha, ndikuchotsa kufunikira kwa mawu osakira osiyanasiyana monga HAVING kapena QUALIFY.
AGGREGATE: Amapanga magulu onse kapena magulu (|> AGGREGATE SUM(column) AS total GROUP BY category). Imalowa m'malo mwa GROUP BY ndikuphatikiza ntchito mkati mwa SELECT, kufewetsa mawu omveka bwino ndikuyanjanitsa ndi dongosolo lomveka la magwiridwe antchito.
KONZANI PA: Amasanja mizere mokwera kapena kutsika (|> ORDER BY column DESC). Amapanga tebulo lazotsatira lomwe limatha kutsatiridwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ngati LIMIT.
LIMIT: Imaletsa kuchuluka kwa mizere pazotsatira (|> LIMIT 10). Ntchito pambuyo ORDER BY kapena pamatebulo osakonzedwa, kusunga mndandanda wachilengedwe wa zosefera ndi zophatikiza.
LITI: Imagwira ntchito yamtengo wapatali kapena chitsanzo cha makina ophunzirira pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo lamakono monga zolowetsa (|> CALL ML.PREDICT(MODEL project.model_name)). Imathetsa kufunikira kwa kuyimba kwachisawawa, kupanga mzere wowerengeka komanso wowerengeka.
SANGANI: Imatanthawuza chiwonetsero chomaliza cha mizati kuti chiphatikizidwe muzotulutsa (|> SELECT column1, column2). Imagwira ntchito ngati kutseka kwapaipi, yofanana ndi yomaliza SELECT mufunso lokhazikika la SQL.

Pansipa pali zochitika zodziwika bwino pomwe mawu a chitoliro amathandizira malingaliro a SQL, kupangitsa mafunso kukhala oyera komanso ofulumira kugwira nawo ntchito.

Kuphatikiza Data Popanda Ma Subqueries

Kuphatikizika ndi komwe SQL imayamba kumva mkati-kunja. Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga chinachake, ndiye kuwerengera izo, inu mwadzidzidzi muli m'makolo gehena.

SQL

SELECT c_count, COUNT(*) AS custdist
FROM (
  SELECT c_custkey, COUNT(o_orderkey) AS c_count
  FROM customer
  JOIN orders ON c_custkey = o_custkey
  WHERE o_comment NOT LIKE '%unusual%packages%'
  GROUP BY c_custkey
)
GROUP BY c_count
ORDER BY custdist DESC;

Pipe Syntax

FROM customer
|> JOIN orders ON c_custkey = o_custkey
   AND o_comment NOT LIKE '%unusual%packages%'
|> AGGREGATE COUNT(o_orderkey) AS c_count GROUP BY c_custkey
|> AGGREGATE COUNT(*) AS custdist GROUP BY c_count
|> ORDER BY custdist DESC;

Palibenso kumanga zisa kapena magulu awiri. Gawo lirilonse limayenda bwino ndipo likhoza kusinthidwa palokha popanda kulembanso funso lonse.

Kuyeretsa ndi Kusintha Mizati Pang'onopang'ono

Mukafuna kutsitsa mawu, kuwerengera ziwerengero, ndikugwetsa mizati yowonjezera, SQL yokhazikika imakukakamizani kuti mulembenso zingapo. SELECT mawu. Pipe syntax imayambitsa SET, EXTENDndipo DROP ogwiritsa ntchito kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zosintha motsatizana.

SQL

SELECT o_custkey, ROUND(o_totalprice) AS total_price
FROM (
  SELECT
    o_custkey,
    o_totalprice,
    LOWER(o_orderstatus) AS o_orderstatus
  FROM orders
)
WHERE total_price > 1000;

Pipe Syntax

FROM orders
|> SET o_orderstatus = LOWER(o_orderstatus)
|> EXTEND ROUND(o_totalprice) AS total_price
|> WHERE total_price > 1000
|> SELECT o_custkey, total_price;

Opaleshoni iliyonse imakhazikika pa yam'mbuyomu, kupangitsa kuti kukhale kosavuta kutsata zosinthika ndikugwiritsanso ntchito malingaliro.

Kusefa Pambuyo Pophatikizana Popanda Kukumbukira "KUKHALA"

Chimodzi mwazinthu za SQL ndikuti nthawi ya zosefera imasintha kutengera ndimeyi. Mumagwiritsa ntchito WHERE pamaso pa magulu ndi HAVING pambuyo, koma kwenikweni, onse mizere zosefera. Chitoliro cha chitoliro chimakulolani kugwiritsa ntchito WHERE mosasinthasintha, ziribe kanthu komwe mukuyiyika.

SQL

SELECT department, COUNT(*) AS emp_count
FROM employees
WHERE active = TRUE
GROUP BY department
HAVING COUNT(*) > 5;

Pipe Syntax

FROM employees
|> WHERE active = TRUE
|> AGGREGATE COUNT(*) AS emp_count GROUP BY department
|> WHERE emp_count > 5;

Tsopano mutha kulemba zosefera momwe mumaganizira: choyamba sefa zomwe zasungidwa, kenako zisanjikani, kenako sefanso pazotsatira.

Kuthetsa Mavuto Popanda Matebulo Akanthawi

Mu SQL yokhazikika, kuyang'ana zotsatira zapakatikati kumafuna kupanga tebulo losakhalitsa kapena kukulunga kachidindo mu ma CTE angapo. Ndi chitoliro cha chitoliro, mutha kuthamangitsa funsolo mpaka pamalo aliwonse poyambira.

SQL

WITH filtered AS (
  SELECT * FROM orders WHERE o_totalprice > 500
),
summed AS (
  SELECT o_custkey, SUM(o_totalprice) AS total
  FROM filtered GROUP BY o_custkey
)
SELECT * FROM summed WHERE total > 10000;

Pipe Syntax

FROM orders
|> WHERE o_totalprice > 500
|> AGGREGATE SUM(o_totalprice) AS total GROUP BY o_custkey
|> WHERE total > 10000;

Chiyambi chilichonse chafunso chimatha kuchitika chokha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mutha "kuyang'ana" pazida zilizonse. Ndi njira yoyeretsera, yolumikizana kwambiri yochotsa zolakwika ndikubwerezabwereza.

Chaining Models ndi Ntchito Popanda Nesting

Mukamagwira ntchito ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali patebulo kapena mitundu ya BigQuery ML, nesting imatha kusawerengeka. Chitoliro cha chitoliro chimalowa m'malo mwa mafoni omwe amakhalapo ndikumangirira mizere pogwiritsa ntchito CALL.

SQL

SELECT *
FROM ML.PREDICT(
  MODEL `project.sentiment_model`,
  (SELECT text FROM reviews)
);

Pipe Syntax

SELECT text FROM reviews
|> CALL ML.PREDICT(MODEL `project.sentiment_model`);

Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo kapena masinthidwe ambiri, mumangoyika mizere yowonjezereka ya CALL—palibe mabatani ofunikira.

Pivoting Data Popanda Nested Select

Pivoting data nthawi zonse yakhala yotopetsa, nthawi zambiri imafuna magawo ang'onoang'ono. Chitoliro cha chitoliro chimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotsatizana.

SQL

SELECT *
FROM (
  SELECT n_name, c_acctbal, c_mktsegment
  FROM customer JOIN nation USING (n_nationkey)
)
PIVOT(SUM(c_acctbal) FOR n_name IN ('PERU', 'KENYA', 'JAPAN'));

Pipe Syntax

FROM customer
|> JOIN nation USING (n_nationkey)
|> SELECT n_name, c_acctbal, c_mktsegment
|> PIVOT(SUM(c_acctbal) FOR n_name IN ('PERU', 'KENYA', 'JAPAN'));

Funso tsopano likumveka ngati nkhani: yambani ndi deta yanu, lowani nawo, sankhani zomwe mukufuna, kenako pivot.

Chifukwa chiyani Syntax ya Pipe Ndi Yosintha Masewera

Chitoliro cha chitoliro sichikuyambitsanso SQL - chimamveketsa bwino. Imasunga chilichonse champhamvu pamawonekedwe a SQL koma imachotsa chidziwitso chakumbuyo chakumbuyo.

Kwa asayansi a data, akatswiri, ndi mainjiniya, zikutanthauza: